oracle 11gR2配置ADG (搭建oracle dataguard)_hailang08_oracleadg

irpas 02-07 6062

感悟

1.从事数据库软件的使用维护工作，看起来似乎很简单，输入几条常用的命令即可解决问题，但是问题在于当系统出现了异常报错时，就变得手足无措不敢进行新的操作，甚至硬着头皮操作，越搞越糟。这些现象说明，我们对软件的运行原理了解的不多，知其然，但不知其所以然。平时看再多的文本资料，不如动手多去实践探索原理本质更有效。

2. 搭建vmware workstation练习环境要舍得投资升级电脑配置。之前，碍于电脑配置低，运行速度慢，重启虚拟机都得等好几分钟，严重影响练习时的效率和心情，对个人来说是一种摧残。一直没有做过oracle 11gR2配置ADG (dataguard)的实验。所以，对ADG一直都是敬而远之。

3.经过对oracle 11gR2配置ADG (dataguard)的过程，自己对oracle运行机制，pfile，spfile，tnsnames，listener等文件的作用更加熟悉了。不再像以前那样照猫画虎、照本宣科了。

配置过程参考帖子数据库之Oralce ADG 搭建使用（搭建流程、个人理解、出现问题、解决方案）_大&迈的博客-CSDN博客_数据库adg是什么意思

基础环境：?

磁盘空间：30G

操作系统：Asianux3 SP3 64位

数据库：oracle?11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit?

主库：主机名test1，数据库实例名testdb，IP 10.0.0.7

备库：主机名test2，数据库实例名testdb，IP 10.0.0.8

终端软件：MobaXterm 个人认为该软件很好用，理由是当登陆ssh时，在MobaXterm左侧显示一个sftp会话框，方便将本地的安装包等文件上传到linux的相应目录下。勾选左侧底部的“跟随终端文件夹”即可实现，在linux里cd到某个目录时，sftp会话窗同步切换到相应目录下。

安装oracle数据库时遇到的问题：

1. 检测发现swap空间不足

解决办法：

swap扩容：

dd if=/dev/zero of=/ora/swap bs=1024 count=1500000（约1.5G）

mkswap /ora/swap

swapon /ora/swap

?free -m

vi /etc/fstab

插入一行：/ora/swap ??????swap ???swap default 0 ?0

2.检测发现缺少pdksh-5.2.14包

解决办法：rpm -i --force --nodeps pdksh-5.2.14-24.x86_64.rpm

说明：执行rpm -ivh?pdksh-5.2.14-24.x86_64.rpm安装失败，只能强行安装。

一、确保主备数据库运行在日志归档模式下

SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /oracle/app/oracle/arch Oldest online log sequence 39 Next log sequence to archive 0 Current log sequence 41

在主库上创建standby redo log：

alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/standby_log04.log' size 50M; alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/standby_log05.log' size 50M; alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/standby_log06.log' size 50M; alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/standby_log07.log' size 50M;

二、配置主备监听、tnsnames

1.配置监听：

主库：

[oracle@test1 admin]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app/oracle

备库：

[oracle@test2 ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = testdb)(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app/oracle

主备库配置完后重启监听。lsnrctl stop，lsnrctl start

2.配置tnsnames.ora：

主库：

cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora main = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.7)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = main) ) ) back = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = testdb) ) )

备库：

?在主备库上分别执行tnsping main,tnsping back测试一下，看是否都能正常解析连接。

3.配置pfile文件里的ADG参数

主库上sql>create pfile='/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs' from spfile;

生成文件inittestdb.ora，用vi编辑后保存。

[oracle@test1 dbs]$ cat inittestdb.ora testdb.__db_cache_size=125829120 testdb.__java_pool_size=4194304 testdb.__large_pool_size=4194304 testdb.__oracle_base='/oracle/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment testdb.__pga_aggregate_target=197132288 testdb.__sga_target=293601280 testdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0 testdb.__shared_pool_size=142606336 testdb.__streams_pool_size=4194304 *.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/testdb/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/control01.ctl','/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/testdb/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='testdb' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4322230272 *.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=testdbXDB)' *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' *.memory_target=489684992 *.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE' *.nls_territory='CHINA' *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.db_unique_name='main' *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(main,back)' *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oracle/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=main' *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=back lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=back' *.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable *.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable *.log_archive_max_processes=4 *.fal_server='back' *.fal_client='main' *.standby_file_management='auto'

shutdown immediate；

startup pfile=‘/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/inittestdb.ora’(最后都配置测试通过了，再重建spfile，create spfile from pfile=‘/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/inittestdb.ora’，以后就再启动数据库只执行startup即可。)

备库上的配置：将主库的inittestdb.ora文件拷贝到备库的/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下编辑保存，如下图。

[oracle@test2 dbs]$ cat inittestdb.ora testdb.__db_cache_size=125829120 testdb.__java_pool_size=4194304 testdb.__large_pool_size=4194304 testdb.__oracle_base='/oracle/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment testdb.__pga_aggregate_target=197132288 testdb.__sga_target=293601280 testdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0 testdb.__shared_pool_size=142606336 testdb.__streams_pool_size=4194304 *.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/testdb/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/control01.ctl','/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/testdb/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='testdb' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4322230272 *.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=testdbXDB)' *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' *.memory_target=489684992 *.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE' *.nls_territory='CHINA' *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.db_unique_name='back' *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(main,back)' *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oracle/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=back' *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=main lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=main' *.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable *.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable *.log_archive_max_processes=4 *.fal_server='main' *.fal_client='back' *.standby_file_management='auto'

备库执行shutdown immediate;startup nomount pfile=‘/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/inittestdb.ora’?(最后都配置测试通过了，再重建spfile，create spfile from pfile=‘/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/inittestdb.ora’，以后就再启动数据库只执行startup即可。)

意外发现：在配置备库pfile时，其中*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oracle/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=back'

当时，备库操作系统并没有创建arch目录。经过switch logfile测试，主库的数据都能正常同步过来。经查看，备库因为没有arch目录，把归档文件生成在了$ORACLE_BASE下，未产生任何影响。后来创建了/oracle/app/oracle/arch目录，经过switch logfile测试，归档文件生成在了arch目录下。

4.使用orapwd命令创建用户密码以便rman同步数据时用

在主备上分别执行：orapwd file=PWDtestdb.ora password=123456 entries=2 force=y

测试一下：

sqlplus /nolog 连接实例： SQL> conn sys/123456@main as sysdba SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = testdb)(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)) )

5.数据同步复制

在备库上执行（我在主库上执行的，也没发现问题）：

rman target sys/123456@main auxiliary sys/123456@back

duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;? 同步时遇到如下错误

rman target sys/123456@main auxiliary sys/123456@back Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Feb 15 02:06:15 2022 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: TESTDB (DBID=2878281152) RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections 原因：备库运行在nomount状态下才能复制，但是“实例虽然启动，但是没有注册到监听。实例是通过PMON进程注册到监听上的，而PMON进程需要在MOUNT状态下才会启动。” 解决办法在备库的listener.ora里添加上sid描述。 SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = testdb)(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)) )

数据库同步完成后，启动备库。

曾遇到过下图的问题：

打开备库时报错： SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/system01.dbf' 排查： SQL> show parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------ log_archive_dest_2 string SERVICE=back lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=main log_archive_dest_20 string log_archive_dest_21 string log_archive_dest_22 string log_archive_dest_23 string log_archive_dest_24 string log_archive_dest_25 string log_archive_dest_26 string log_archive_dest_27 string log_archive_dest_28 string log_archive_dest_29 string 原因：SERVICE=back lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=main这里service配置错误了，应该为主库main。解决过程：打开pfile文件inittestdb.ora修改service=main 然后sqlplus pfile=’/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/inittestdb.ora';就能成功启动数据库了。

6.dataguard数据同步验证：

在主库插入数据，执行alter system switch logfile后，备库未被同步。查看archive log list日志序号是一致的。解决办法： alter database recover managed standby database cancel; alter database ?recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 以后再在主库插入数据库后，切换日志文件，备库就能被立即同步了。

7.dataguard启停步骤参考帖子：Oracle DataGuard启动与关闭顺序 - gegeman - 博客园

（一）Active DataGuard启动顺序（1）启动监听，先启从库再起主库 lsnrctl start （2）启动数据库，先启动备库在启主库复制代码 --先启备库 sql>startup nomount sql>alter database mount standby database; sql>alter database open; sql>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; --再启主库 sql>startup 复制代码（二）DataGuard关闭顺序（1）先关主库数据库： sql>shutdown immediate （2）再关备用库： sql>alter database recover managed standby database cancel; --停止同步 sql>shutdown immediate;