Android Studio 简要实现蓝牙（Bluetooth）通信（附加作业）_LYCURRY_android studio 蓝牙

未知 02-07 4896

文章目录一、项目实现功能二、项目核心代码1.简要实现设备蓝牙通信2.模拟Client 和Server端实现简单的通信。三、实验项目截图四、源代码

一、项目实现功能

1.两台设备可以通过蓝牙进行通信 2.模拟Client 和Server端实现简单的通信。

二、项目核心代码 1.简要实现设备蓝牙通信

如果想让应用启动设备发现或操纵蓝牙设置，则除了 BLUETOOTH 权限以外，还必须声明 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限。大多数应用只是需利用此权限发现本地蓝牙设备。除非应用是根据用户请求修改蓝牙设置的“超级管理员”，否则不应使用此权限所授予的其他功能。在Manifest.xml中加入以下代码

在这里插入代码片<manifest ... > <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> ... </manifest>``

布局文件： activity.xml主要布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar android:id="@+id/toolbar" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="?attr/colorPrimary" android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize" android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:id="@+id/title_left_text" style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="left" android:ellipsize="end" android:singleLine="true" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/title_right_text" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_weight="1" android:ellipsize="end" android:gravity="right" android:singleLine="true" android:textColor="#fff" /> </LinearLayout> <ListView android:id="@+id/in" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:stackFromBottom="true" android:transcriptMode="alwaysScroll" android:layout_weight="1" /> <LinearLayout android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <EditText android:id="@+id/edit_text_out" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_gravity="bottom" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button_send" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/send"/> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>

device_list.xm文件 option 布局 java文件： BluetoothChat.java文件检测蓝牙是否授权，启动的activity文件

package com.example.bluetooth; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat; import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat; import android.Manifest; import android.app.Activity; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.os.Build; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import android.widget.Toolbar; public class BluetoothChat extends AppCompatActivity{ public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1; public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2; public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3; public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4; public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5; public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name"; public static final String TOAST = "toast"; private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1; //请求连接设备 private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2; private TextView title; private ListView conversationView; private EditText outEditText; private Button send; private String connectedDeviceName = null; private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter1; // conversation array adapter private StringBuffer outStringBuffer; private BluetoothAdapter adapter2 = null; private ChatService chatService = null; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); getSupportActionBar().hide(); //隐藏标题栏 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1); } } Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar); //创建选项菜单 toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.option_menu); //选项菜单监听 toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MyMenuItemClickListener()); title = findViewById(R.id.title_left_text); title.setText(R.string.app_name); title = findViewById(R.id.title_right_text); // 得到本地蓝牙适配器 adapter2 = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (adapter2 == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); finish(); return; } if (!adapter2.isEnabled()) { //若当前设备蓝牙功能未开启 Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); // } else { if (chatService == null) { setupChat(); //创建会话 } } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if(grantResults.length>0){ if(grantResults[0]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ Toast.makeText(this, "未授权，蓝牙搜索功能将不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } @Override public synchronized void onResume() { //synchronized：同步方法实现排队调用 super.onResume(); if (chatService != null) { if (chatService.getState() == ChatService.STATE_NONE) { chatService.start(); } } } private void setupChat() { adapter1 = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.activity_main); conversationView = findViewById(R.id.in); conversationView.setAdapter(adapter1); outEditText = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out); outEditText.setOnEditorActionListener(mWriteListener); send = findViewById(R.id.button_send); send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { TextView view = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out); String message = view.getText().toString(); sendMessage(message); } }); //创建服务对象 chatService = new ChatService(this, mHandler); outStringBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (chatService != null) chatService.stop(); } // 直接使用enable()函数不安全，需要将内容存放在intent中 private void ensureDiscoverable() { //修改本机蓝牙设备的可见性 //打开手机蓝牙后，能被其它蓝牙设备扫描到的时间不是永久的 if (adapter2.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) { Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); //设置在300秒内可见（能被扫描） discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300); startActivity(discoverableIntent); Toast.makeText(this, "已经设置本机蓝牙设备的可见性，对方可搜索了。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } private void sendMessage(String message) { if (chatService.getState() != ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED) { Toast.makeText(this, R.string.not_connected, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } if (message.length() > 0) { byte[] send = message.getBytes(); chatService.write(send); outStringBuffer.setLength(0); outEditText.setText(outStringBuffer); } } private TextView.OnEditorActionListener mWriteListener = new TextView.OnEditorActionListener() { @Override public boolean onEditorAction(TextView view, int actionId, KeyEvent event) { if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_NULL && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) { //软键盘里的回车也能发送消息 String message = view.getText().toString(); sendMessage(message); } return true; } }; //使用Handler对象在UI主线程与子线程之间传递消息 private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() { //消息处理 @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: switch (msg.arg1) { case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED: title.setText(R.string.title_connected_to); title.append(connectedDeviceName); adapter1.clear(); break; case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTING: title.setText(R.string.title_connecting); break; case ChatService.STATE_LISTEN: case ChatService.STATE_NONE: title.setText(R.string.title_not_connected); break; } break; case MESSAGE_WRITE: byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf); adapter1.add("我: " + writeMessage); break; case MESSAGE_READ: byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1); adapter1.add(connectedDeviceName + ": " + readMessage); break; case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME: connectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"链接到 " + connectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case MESSAGE_TOAST: Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), msg.getData().getString(TOAST), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } } }; //返回进入好友列表操作后的数回调方法 public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); switch (requestCode) { case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE: if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) { String address = data.getExtras().getString(DeviceList.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS); BluetoothDevice device = adapter2.getRemoteDevice(address); chatService.connect(device); } else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) { Toast.makeText(this, "未选择任何好友！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT: if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) { setupChat(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } } } //内部类，选项菜单的单击事件处理 private class MyMenuItemClickListener implements Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener { @Override public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.scan: //启动DeviceList这个Activity Intent serverIntent = new Intent(BluetoothChat.this, DeviceList.class); startActivityForResult(serverIntent, REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE); return true; case R.id.discoverable: ensureDiscoverable(); return true; case R.id.back: finish(); System.exit(0); return true; } return false; } } }

ChatService.java文件，蓝牙服务的会话程序定义了3个内部类，AcceptThread（接受新连接）、ConnectThread（发出连接）和ConnectedThread （已连接）

package com.example.bluetooth; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.UUID; public class ChatService { //本应用的主Activity组件名称 private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat"; // UUID：通用唯一识别码,是一个128位长的数字，一般用十六进制表示 //算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随机数来生成 //在创建蓝牙连接 private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66"); private final BluetoothAdapter adapter; private final Handler mHandler; private AcceptThread acceptThread; private ConnectThread connectThread; private ConnectedThread connectedThread; private int state; public static final int STATE_NONE = 0; public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1; public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2; public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3; //构造方法，接收UI主线程传递的对象 public ChatService(Context context, Handler handler) { //构造方法完成蓝牙对象的创建 adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); state = STATE_NONE; mHandler = handler; } private synchronized void setState(int state) { state = state; mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1).sendToTarget(); } public synchronized int getState() { return state; } public synchronized void start() { if (connectThread != null) { connectThread.cancel(); connectThread = null; } if (connectedThread != null) { connectedThread.cancel(); connectedThread = null; } if (acceptThread == null) { acceptThread = new AcceptThread(); acceptThread.start(); } setState(STATE_LISTEN); } //取消 CONNECTING 和 CONNECTED 状态下的相关线程，然后运行新的 connectThread 线程 public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) { if (state == STATE_CONNECTING) { if (connectThread != null) { connectThread.cancel(); connectThread = null; } } if (connectedThread != null) { connectedThread.cancel(); connectedThread = null; } connectThread = new ConnectThread(device); connectThread.start(); setState(STATE_CONNECTING); } /* 开启一个 ConnectedThread 来管理对应的当前连接。之前先取消任意现存的 connectThread 、 connectedThread 、 acceptThread 线程，然后开启新 connectedThread ，传入当前刚刚接受的 socket 连接。最后通过 Handler来通知UI连接 */ public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) { if (connectThread != null) { connectThread.cancel(); connectThread = null; } if (connectedThread != null) { connectedThread.cancel(); connectedThread = null; } if (acceptThread != null) { acceptThread.cancel(); acceptThread = null; } connectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket); connectedThread.start(); Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.DEVICE_NAME, device.getName()); msg.setData(bundle); mHandler.sendMessage(msg); setState(STATE_CONNECTED); } // 停止所有相关线程，设当前状态为 NONE public synchronized void stop() { if (connectThread != null) { connectThread.cancel(); connectThread = null; } if (connectedThread != null) { connectedThread.cancel(); connectedThread = null; } if (acceptThread != null) { acceptThread.cancel(); acceptThread = null; } setState(STATE_NONE); } // 在 STATE_CONNECTED 状态下，调用 connectedThread 里的 write 方法，写入 byte public void write(byte[] out) { ConnectedThread r; synchronized (this) { if (state != STATE_CONNECTED) return; r = connectedThread; } r.write(out); } // 连接失败的时候处理，通知 ui ，并设为 STATE_LISTEN 状态 private void connectionFailed() { setState(STATE_LISTEN); Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "链接不到设备"); msg.setData(bundle); mHandler.sendMessage(msg); } // 当连接失去的时候，设为 STATE_LISTEN 状态并通知 ui private void connectionLost() { setState(STATE_LISTEN); Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "设备链接中断"); msg.setData(bundle); mHandler.sendMessage(msg); } // 创建监听线程，准备接受新连接。使用阻塞方式，调用 BluetoothServerSocket.accept() private class AcceptThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; public AcceptThread() { BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null; try { //使用射频端口（RF comm）监听 tmp = adapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { } mmServerSocket = tmp; } @Override public void run() { setName("AcceptThread"); BluetoothSocket socket = null; while (state != STATE_CONNECTED) { try { socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); } catch (IOException e) { break; } if (socket != null) { synchronized (ChatService.this) { switch (state) { case STATE_LISTEN: case STATE_CONNECTING: connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice()); break; case STATE_NONE: case STATE_CONNECTED: try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } break; } } } } } public void cancel() { try { mmServerSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /* 连接线程，专门用来对外发出连接对方蓝牙的请求和处理流程。构造函数里通过 BluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord() ，从待连接的 device 产生 BluetoothSocket. 然后在 run 方法中 connect ，成功后调用 BluetoothChatSevice 的 connected() 方法。定义 cancel() 在关闭线程时能够关闭相关socket 。 */ private class ConnectThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { mmDevice = device; BluetoothSocket tmp = null; try { tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } mmSocket = tmp; } @Override public void run() { setName("ConnectThread"); adapter.cancelDiscovery(); try { mmSocket.connect(); } catch (IOException e) { connectionFailed(); try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { e.printStackTrace(); } ChatService.this.start(); return; } synchronized (ChatService.this) { connectThread = null; } connected(mmSocket, mmDevice); } public void cancel() { try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /* 双方蓝牙连接后一直运行的线程；构造函数中设置输入输出流。 run()方法中使用阻塞模式的 InputStream.read()循环读取输入流，然后发送到 UI 线程中更新聊天消息。本线程也提供了 write() 将聊天消息写入输出流传输至对方，传输成功后回写入 UI 线程。最后使用cancel()关闭连接的 socket */ private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; private final InputStream mmInStream; private final OutputStream mmOutStream; public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { mmSocket = socket; InputStream tmpIn = null; OutputStream tmpOut = null; try { tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } mmInStream = tmpIn; mmOutStream = tmpOut; } @Override public void run() { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int bytes; while (true) { try { bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget(); } catch (IOException e) { connectionLost(); break; } } } public void write(byte[] buffer) { try { mmOutStream.write(buffer); mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void cancel() { try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }

DeviceList.java文件本程序供菜单项主界面的选项菜单“我的友好”调用，用于：（1）显示已配对的好友列表；（2）搜索可配对的好友进行配对（3）新选择并配对的蓝牙设备将刷新好友列表注意：发现新的蓝牙设备并请求配对时，需要对应接受关键技术：动态注册一个广播接收者，处理蓝牙设备扫描的结果

package com.example.bluetooth; import android.app.Activity; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.provider.Settings; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import java.util.Set; public class DeviceList extends AppCompatActivity { private BluetoothAdapter adapter; private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter1; // 配对的设备 private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter2; // 新设备 public static String EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS = "device_address"; //Mac地址 //定义广播接收者，用于处理扫描蓝牙设备后的结果 private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { adapter2.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); } } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) { if (adapter2.getCount() == 0) { String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_found).toString(); adapter2.add(noDevices); } } } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.device_list); //在被调用活动里，设置返回结果码 setResult(Activity.RESULT_CANCELED); init(); //活动界面 } private void init() { Button scanButton = findViewById(R.id.button_scan); scanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, R.string.scanning, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); doDiscovery(); //搜索蓝牙设备 } }); adapter1 = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.activity_main); adapter2 = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.activity_main); //已配对蓝牙设备列表 ListView pairedListView =findViewById(R.id.paired_devices); pairedListView.setAdapter(adapter1); pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mPaireDeviceClickListener); //未配对蓝牙设备列表 ListView newDevicesListView = findViewById(R.id.new_devices); newDevicesListView.setAdapter(adapter2); newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mNewDeviceClickListener); //动态注册广播接收者 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); registerReceiver(receiver, filter); filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); registerReceiver(receiver, filter); adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = adapter.getBondedDevices(); if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { adapter1.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); } } else { String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_paired).toString(); adapter1.add(noDevices); } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); if (adapter != null) { adapter.cancelDiscovery(); } this.unregisterReceiver(receiver); } private void doDiscovery() { findViewById(R.id.title_new_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); if (adapter.isDiscovering()) { adapter.cancelDiscovery(); } adapter.startDiscovery(); //开始搜索蓝牙设备并产生广播 //startDiscovery是一个异步方法 //找到一个设备时就发送一个BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND的广播 } private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mPaireDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) { adapter.cancelDiscovery(); String info = ((TextView) v).getText().toString(); String address = info.substring(info.length() - 17); Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS, address); //Mac地址 setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent); finish(); } }; private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mNewDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) { adapter.cancelDiscovery(); Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, "请在蓝牙设置界面手动连接设备",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS); startActivityForResult(intent,1); } }; //回调方法：进入蓝牙配对设置界面返回后执行 @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); init(); //刷新好友列表 } } 2.模拟Client 和Server端实现简单的通信。

Client端布局文件 button用以开关蓝牙以及搜索设备的布局按钮

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/lis1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" > <ToggleButton android:id="@+id/bu5" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="ToggleButton" /> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="本机状态：" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button4" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="搜索设备" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="设置" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="打开" /> </ListView> </LinearLayout>

mainactivity.java

package com.example.gwlblu; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; import android.widget.ToggleButton; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.UUID; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { //蓝牙通信需要相同的UUID和对方的蓝牙地址，UUID规定是下面的格式，只要格式对，两边的UUID相同，数字可以改变，不影响通信，但一般都是用下面这种 static final String SPP_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"; Button btnSearch, btnDis;//定义布局中的按钮 ToggleButton tbtnSwitch;//显示蓝牙开关状态的双状态按钮 ListView lvBTDevices; //搜索到的蓝牙列表 ArrayAdapter<String> adtDevices; //将本机的蓝牙地址显示 List<String> lstDevices = new ArrayList<String>();//列表中蓝牙的地址 BluetoothAdapter btAdapt; //定义移动设备的本地的蓝牙适配器 public static BluetoothSocket btSocket; //Socket用来接受客户端的要求 @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //加载布局 // Button 设置通过findViewById的方法来定义 //获得所有控件对象 btnSearch = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button2); btnDis = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button3); tbtnSwitch = (ToggleButton) this.findViewById(R.id.bu5); //给所有的控件设置监听器 btnDis.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); btnSearch.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); tbtnSwitch.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); // ListView及其数据源适配器 lvBTDevices = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.lis1); adtDevices = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, lstDevices); lvBTDevices.setAdapter(adtDevices); lvBTDevices.setOnItemClickListener(new ItemClickEvent());//设置监听器获取数据 btAdapt = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();// 初始化本机蓝牙功能 if (btAdapt.getState() == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF)// 读取蓝牙状态并显示于双状态按钮 tbtnSwitch.setChecked(false); else if (btAdapt.getState() == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON) tbtnSwitch.setChecked(true); // 注册Receiver来获取蓝牙设备相关的结果，onReceive()里取得搜索所得的蓝牙设备信息 IntentFilter intent = new IntentFilter(); intent.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);// 用BroadcastReceiver来取得搜索结果 intent.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED); intent.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED); intent.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED); registerReceiver(searchDevices, intent); } private BroadcastReceiver searchDevices = new BroadcastReceiver() { public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); Bundle b = intent.getExtras(); Object[] lstName = b.keySet().toArray(); // 显示所有收到的消息及其细节 for (int i = 0; i < lstName.length; i++) { String keyName = lstName[i].toString(); Log.e(keyName, String.valueOf(b.get(keyName))); } //搜索设备时，取得设备的MAC地址 if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent .getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); String str= device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress(); if (lstDevices.indexOf(str) == -1)// 防止重复添加， lstDevices.add(str); // 获取设备名称和mac地址 adtDevices.notifyDataSetChanged();//通知Activity刷新数据 } } }; //本次活动的销毁函数 @Override protected void onDestroy() { try { if (btSocket != null) btSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.unregisterReceiver(searchDevices); super.onDestroy(); android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid()); } //对监听器的设置，获取列表中设备名以及蓝牙设备地址 class ItemClickEvent implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) { btAdapt.cancelDiscovery();//连接时停止搜索周围蓝牙，否则容易连接失败 //取出蓝牙地址 String str = lstDevices.get(arg2); String[] values = str.split("\\|"); String address=values[1]; Log.d("address",values[1]); UUID uuid = UUID.fromString(SPP_UUID); //利用BluetoothDevice衍生出Socket, BluetoothDevice btDev = btAdapt.getRemoteDevice(address); try { btSocket = btDev .createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid); try { // 连接建立之前的先配对 if (btDev.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) { Method creMethod = BluetoothDevice.class .getMethod("createBond"); Log.e("TAG", "开始配对"); creMethod.invoke(btDev); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } btSocket.connect(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"connect succeeded",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); //将数据写入输出流 OutputStream os = btSocket.getOutputStream(); if (os != null) { try { os.write("test".getBytes("UTF-8")); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "send succeed", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"connect fail",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } } //按钮监听器，打开本机蓝牙的设置 class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener { @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (v == btnSearch)// 搜索蓝牙设备，在BroadcastReceiver显示结果 { if (btAdapt.getState() == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF) {// 如果蓝牙还没开启 Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请先打开蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return; } setTitle("本机蓝牙地址：" + btAdapt.getAddress()); lstDevices.clear(); btAdapt.startDiscovery(); } else if (v == tbtnSwitch) {// 本机蓝牙启动/关闭 if (tbtnSwitch.isChecked() == false) btAdapt.enable(); else if (tbtnSwitch.isChecked() == true) btAdapt.disable(); } else if (v == btnDis)// 本机可以被搜索 { Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent( BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); discoverableIntent.putExtra( BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300); startActivity(discoverableIntent);//本机蓝牙的内部设置 } } } }

Server端

package com.example.gwlblu; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Toast; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.UUID; public class Server extends AppCompatActivity { private final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");//Server端和Client端的UUID要一致 private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter; private final String NAME = "BlueTooth_Socket";//名字可以随便写 private AcceptThread acceptThread;//后面的accept（）会阻塞，所以要新开线程 @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_server); bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); acceptThread=new AcceptThread(); acceptThread.start();//开启线程 } private Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Toast.makeText(Server.this, String.valueOf(msg.obj), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }; private class AcceptThread extends Thread { private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket; private BluetoothSocket socket; private InputStream is; public AcceptThread() { try { //监听有无连接 serverSocket = bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); } catch (Exception e) { } } @Override public void run() { try { socket = serverSocket.accept();//若有监听到有连接，accept给BluetoothSocket Log.d("tag", "connected"); is = socket.getInputStream(); while (true) { byte[] buffer = new byte[128]; int count = is.read(buffer); //子线程里不能直接Toast，利用handler Message msg = new Message(); msg.obj = new String(buffer, 0, count, "UTF-8"); handler.sendMessage(msg); } } catch (Exception e) { } } } } 三、实验项目截图

实验1（真机调试）：简单实现蓝牙通信聊天实验2 实现功能：Client端三个按钮，分别是蓝牙开关、本机可被搜索和搜索设备，点击搜索设备即可搜索周围的蓝牙，点击搜索到的蓝牙即可连接并自动发送test。Server端在接收到消息之后便Toast出来。

四、源代码

gitee源代码1 gitee源代码2