50年前端开发写CSS3炫酷动画（不炫酷来打我）_西伯利亚狼

网络投稿 02-07 1999

CSS3炫酷动画教程

以前问了很多身边同事，他们对动画的掌握如何，了解一些css3的基本动画吗，即使他们工作几年了，我感觉他们对原生css3动画了解的并不多，只有他们在用到的时候才会看看，而且基本都是用第三方动画库，笔者个人认为君子确实要善假于物，但是做为一个慢慢成长的技术开发，你必须了解原生动画是如何写的。项目中往往因为一个动画而去引入一个动画库是不值得的，性能也比不上原生动画。

另外我想和大家分享的是能用css实现的就不要用js,因为js操作DOM是很耗性能的，浏览器最怕的就是重排，就可能是你操作DOM引起的，这就是为啥Vue,React,Angular都采用虚拟节点，而不去直接操作真实DOM,就是考虑到性能问题。下面就跟着笔者一起来学习一下CSS3炫酷动画。

基本概念

css3动画分以下三种： 1.transition(过渡效果) ??????用法transition: all 3s linear 2.transform() ??????用法transform: translate(10px,10px);x,y偏移，transform: rotate(360deg);旋转，transform: scale(1.2);缩放，transform: skew(30deg,50deg);倾斜 3.animation帧动画，可以用from 和 to,也可以用0% {}，100%{}

下面就直接看实例吧

一、初级帧动画尝试

上下左右移动并且变色动画，示例代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> div { width:100px; height:100px; background:red; position:relative; animation:myAnimation 4s infinite; /*动画名字，持续时间，是否一直播放动画*/ animation-direction:alternate; /*动画播放完后是否方向播放*/ } @keyframes myAnimation { /*自定义的动画名字*/ 0% {background:red; left:0px; top:0px;} 25% {background:yellow; left:200px; top:0px;} 50% {background:blue; left:200px; top:200px;} 75% {background:green; left:0px; top:200px;} 100% {background:red; left:0px; top:0px;} } </style> </head> <body> <div></div> </body> </html>

效果图如下（笔者还不会放动态图，只能截图静态动画帧）：两个小球左右旋转移动动画，示例代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> .one, .two { display:inline-block; width:100px; height:100px; border-radius: 50%; background:cyan; text-align:center; line-height:100px; position:relative; animation:myAnimation 5s infinite; animation-direction:alternate; } @keyframes myAnimation { 0% { left:0px; top:0px; } 100% { left:400px; top:0px; transform: rotate(360deg); } } </style> </head> <body> <div class="one">我会滚动哦</div> <div class="two">我会滚动哦</div> </body> </html>

效果图如下（左右移动并旋转的小球）：

二、进阶动画演示

字节跳动动画代码如下（示例）：

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <style> .letter { animation: bounce 1.5s cubic-bezier(0.05, 0, 0.2, 1) infinite alternate; display: inline-block; transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0.5em; font-size: 20px; } .letter:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0s; color: #c9dd22; } .letter:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.3s; color: #2edfa3; } .letter:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.5s; color: #3eede7; } .letter:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 0.7s; color: #801da0; } .letter:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 0.9s; color: #896c39; } .letter:nth-child(6) { animation-delay: 1.1s; color: #9d2933; } @keyframes bounce { 0% { transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } 100% { transform: translate3d(0, 1em, 0); } } </style> </head> <body> <div class="wrapper"> <span class="letter">正</span> <span class="letter">在</span> <span class="letter">加</span> <span class="letter">载</span> <span class="letter">中</span> <span class="letter">.</span> </div> </body> </html>

效果图如下（文字依次上下跳动）：

如果你感觉这个动画还不够炫酷，那么接下来一个肯定又炫又酷（嵌套滚动立方体，鼠标悬浮立方体散开），直接上代码：（代码中的图片要换成自己的图片地址）

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <style> .xz{ position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px; width:100px; height:100px; } .wrap { width: 100px; height: 100px; margin: 150px 0 0 150px; /*position: relative;*/ position:absolute; } /*包裹所有容器样式*/ .cube { width: 50px; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto; transform-style: preserve-3d; transform: rotateX(-30deg) rotateY(-80deg); animation: rotate linear 20s infinite; } @keyframes rotate { from { transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg); } to { transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg); } } .cube div { position: absolute; width: 200px; height: 200px; opacity: 0.5; transition: all .4s; } /*定义所有图片样式*/ .pic { width: 200px; height: 200px; } .cube .out_front { transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube .out_back { transform: translateZ(-100px) rotateY(180deg); } .cube .out_left { transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube .out_right { transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube .out_top { transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube .out_bottom { transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(100px); } /*定义小正方体样式*/ .cube span { display: block; width: 100px; height: 100px; position: absolute; top: 50px; left: 50px; } .cube .in_pic { width: 100px; height: 100px; } .cube .in_front { transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(50px); } .cube .in_back { transform: translateZ(-50px) rotateY(180deg); } .cube .in_left { transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px); } .cube .in_right { transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px); } .cube .in_top { transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px); } .cube .in_bottom { transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px); } /*鼠标移入后样式*/ .cube:hover .out_front { transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(200px); } .cube:hover .out_back { transform: translateZ(-200px) rotateY(180deg); } .cube:hover .out_left { transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(200px); } .cube:hover .out_right { transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(200px); } .cube:hover .out_top { transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(200px); } .cube:hover .out_bottom { transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(200px); } </style> </head> <body> <div class="xz">  <div class="wrap">  <div class="cube">  <div class="out_front"> <img src="./images/001.jpg" class="pic"> </div>  <div class="out_back"> <img src="./images/002.jpg" class="pic"> </div>  <div class="out_left"> <img src="./images/003.jpg" class="pic"> </div>  <div class="out_right"> <img src="./images/004.jpg" class="pic"> </div>  <div class="out_top"> <img src="./images/001.jpg" class="pic"> </div>  <div class="out_bottom"> <img src="./images/002.jpg" class="pic"> </div>  <span class="in_front"> <img src="./images/001.jpg" class="in_pic"> </span> <span class="in_back"> <img src="./images/002.jpg" class="in_pic"> </span> <span class="in_left"> <img src="./images/003.jpg" class="in_pic"> </span> <span class="in_right"> <img src="./images/004.jpg" class="in_pic"> </span> <span class="in_top"> <img src="./images/001.jpg" class="in_pic"> </span> <span class="in_bottom"> <img src="./images/002.jpg" class="in_pic"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

效果图如下：鼠标悬浮效果：想想如果把这图片换成自己喜欢的妹子，是不是又可以拿去撩妹装逼了！

三、高级装逼动画演示

示例代码如下:(点击可以切换动画图形)，使用的是jquery+canvas以及动画的基本知识实现。

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>动态粒子效果</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.js"></script> <style> html,body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; overflow: hidden; } .container{ width: 100％; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; background-color: #000000; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="jsi-particle-container" class="container"></div> <script> var RENDERER = { PARTICLE_COUNT : 1000, PARTICLE_RADIUS : 1, MAX_ROTATION_ANGLE : Math.PI / 60, TRANSLATION_COUNT : 500, init : function(strategy){ this.setParameters(strategy); this.createParticles(); this.setupFigure(); this.reconstructMethod(); this.bindEvent(); this.drawFigure(); }, setParameters : function(strategy){ this.$window = $(window); this.$container = $('#jsi-particle-container'); this.width = this.$container.width(); this.height = this.$container.height(); this.$canvas = $('<canvas />').attr({width : this.width, height : this.height}).appendTo(this.$container); this.context = this.$canvas.get(0).getContext('2d'); this.center = {x : this.width / 2, y : this.height / 2}; this.rotationX = this.MAX_ROTATION_ANGLE; this.rotationY = this.MAX_ROTATION_ANGLE; this.strategyIndex = 0; this.translationCount = 0; this.theta = 0; this.strategies = strategy.getStrategies(); this.particles = []; }, createParticles : function(){ for(var i = 0; i < this.PARTICLE_COUNT; i ++){ this.particles.push(new PARTICLE(this.center)); } }, reconstructMethod : function(){ this.setupFigure = this.setupFigure.bind(this); this.drawFigure = this.drawFigure.bind(this); this.changeAngle = this.changeAngle.bind(this); }, bindEvent : function(){ this.$container.on('click', this.setupFigure); this.$container.on('mousemove', this.changeAngle); }, changeAngle : function(event){ var offset = this.$container.offset(), x = event.clientX - offset.left + this.$window.scrollLeft(), y = event.clientY - offset.top + this.$window.scrollTop(); this.rotationX = (this.center.y - y) / this.center.y * this.MAX_ROTATION_ANGLE; this.rotationY = (this.center.x - x) / this.center.x * this.MAX_ROTATION_ANGLE; }, setupFigure : function(){ for(var i = 0, length = this.particles.length; i < length; i++){ this.particles[i].setAxis(this.strategies[this.strategyIndex]()); } if(++this.strategyIndex == this.strategies.length){ this.strategyIndex = 0; } this.translationCount = 0; }, drawFigure : function(){ requestAnimationFrame(this.drawFigure); this.context.fillStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)'; this.context.fillRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height); for(var i = 0, length = this.particles.length; i < length; i++){ var axis = this.particles[i].getAxis2D(this.theta); this.context.beginPath(); this.context.fillStyle = axis.color; this.context.arc(axis.x, axis.y, this.PARTICLE_RADIUS, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); this.context.fill(); } this.theta++; this.theta %= 360; for(var i = 0, length = this.particles.length; i < length; i++){ this.particles[i].rotateX(this.rotationX); this.particles[i].rotateY(this.rotationY); } this.translationCount++; this.translationCount %= this.TRANSLATION_COUNT; if(this.translationCount == 0){ this.setupFigure(); } } }; var STRATEGY = { SCATTER_RADIUS :150, CONE_ASPECT_RATIO : 1.5, RING_COUNT : 5, getStrategies : function(){ var strategies = []; for(var i in this){ if(this[i] == arguments.callee || typeof this[i] != 'function'){ continue; } strategies.push(this[i].bind(this)); } return strategies; }, createSphere : function(){ var cosTheta = Math.random() * 2 - 1, sinTheta = Math.sqrt(1 - cosTheta * cosTheta), phi = Math.random() * 2 * Math.PI; return { x : this.SCATTER_RADIUS * sinTheta * Math.cos(phi), y : this.SCATTER_RADIUS * sinTheta * Math.sin(phi), z : this.SCATTER_RADIUS * cosTheta, hue : Math.round(phi / Math.PI * 30) }; }, createTorus : function(){ var theta = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2, x = this.SCATTER_RADIUS + this.SCATTER_RADIUS / 6 * Math.cos(theta), y = this.SCATTER_RADIUS / 6 * Math.sin(theta), phi = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2; return { x : x * Math.cos(phi), y : y, z : x * Math.sin(phi), hue : Math.round(phi / Math.PI * 30) }; }, createCone : function(){ var status = Math.random() > 1 / 3, x, y, phi = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2, rate = Math.tan(30 / 180 * Math.PI) / this.CONE_ASPECT_RATIO; if(status){ y = this.SCATTER_RADIUS * (1 - Math.random() * 2); x = (this.SCATTER_RADIUS - y) * rate; }else{ y = -this.SCATTER_RADIUS; x = this.SCATTER_RADIUS * 2 * rate * Math.random(); } return { x : x * Math.cos(phi), y : y, z : x * Math.sin(phi), hue : Math.round(phi / Math.PI * 30) }; }, createVase : function(){ var theta = Math.random() * Math.PI, x = Math.abs(this.SCATTER_RADIUS * Math.cos(theta) / 2) + this.SCATTER_RADIUS / 8, y = this.SCATTER_RADIUS * Math.cos(theta) * 1.2, phi = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2; return { x : x * Math.cos(phi), y : y, z : x * Math.sin(phi), hue : Math.round(phi / Math.PI * 30) }; } }; var PARTICLE = function(center){ this.center = center; this.init(); }; PARTICLE.prototype = { SPRING : 0.01, FRICTION : 0.9, FOCUS_POSITION : 300, COLOR : 'hsl(%hue, 100%, 70%)', init : function(){ this.x = 0; this.y = 0; this.z = 0; this.vx = 0; this.vy = 0; this.vz = 0; this.color; }, setAxis : function(axis){ this.translating = true; this.nextX = axis.x; this.nextY = axis.y; this.nextZ = axis.z; this.hue = axis.hue; }, rotateX : function(angle){ var sin = Math.sin(angle), cos = Math.cos(angle), nextY = this.nextY * cos - this.nextZ * sin, nextZ = this.nextZ * cos + this.nextY * sin, y = this.y * cos - this.z * sin, z = this.z * cos + this.y * sin; this.nextY = nextY; this.nextZ = nextZ; this.y = y; this.z = z; }, rotateY : function(angle){ var sin = Math.sin(angle), cos = Math.cos(angle), nextX = this.nextX * cos - this.nextZ * sin, nextZ = this.nextZ * cos + this.nextX * sin, x = this.x * cos - this.z * sin, z = this.z * cos + this.x * sin; this.nextX = nextX; this.nextZ = nextZ; this.x = x; this.z = z; }, rotateZ : function(angle){ var sin = Math.sin(angle), cos = Math.cos(angle), nextX = this.nextX * cos - this.nextY * sin, nextY = this.nextY * cos + this.nextX * sin, x = this.x * cos - this.y * sin, y = this.y * cos + this.x * sin; this.nextX = nextX; this.nextY = nextY; this.x = x; this.y = y; }, getAxis3D : function(){ this.vx += (this.nextX - this.x) * this.SPRING; this.vy += (this.nextY - this.y) * this.SPRING; this.vz += (this.nextZ - this.z) * this.SPRING; this.vx *= this.FRICTION; this.vy *= this.FRICTION; this.vz *= this.FRICTION; this.x += this.vx; this.y += this.vy; this.z += this.vz; return {x : this.x, y : this.y, z : this.z}; }, getAxis2D : function(theta){ var axis = this.getAxis3D(), scale = this.FOCUS_POSITION / (this.FOCUS_POSITION + axis.z); return {x : this.center.x + axis.x * scale, y : this.center.y - axis.y * scale, color : this.COLOR.replace('%hue', this.hue + theta)}; } }; $(function(){ RENDERER.init(STRATEGY); }); </script> </body> </html>

效果图如下：

写在最后

每次写完一篇博客都挺快乐的，因为分享是件快乐的事，每段代码都要自己写好自己测试n遍，就怕出现bug误人子弟！爱分享，爱实践，做一个不断学习，不断进步的程序员，喜欢的小伙伴可以收藏一下，一起交流学习。

1.本站遵循行业规范，任何转载的稿件都会明确标注作者和来源；2.本站的原创文章，会注明原创字样,如未注明都非原创，如有侵权请联系删除！；3.作者投稿可能会经我们编辑修改或补充；4.本站不提供任何储存功能只提供收集或者投稿人的网盘链接。