医学知识问答，知识图谱建设部分，建设过程如下：
一.首先，准备数据，主要为结构化的医学数据，包含实体和关系
原始数据样式（来源于刘焕勇老师整理的医学数据）：
?二.在neo4j数据库中建立空数据库，并且启用数据库，我这里用的是桌面版的neo4j，效果如下：
用户名：neo4j，密码：123456，大家根据自己需求设定，启用数据库：
?三.开始写Python将数据导入数据库
import os import json from py2neo import Graph,Node1.设置文件读取路径：
cur_dir = '/'.join(os.path.abspath(__file__).split('/')[:-1]) data_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'data/medical.json')2.连接数据库设置：
g = Graph( host="127.0.0.1", # neo4j 搭载服务器的ip地址，ifconfig可获取到 http_port=7474, # neo4j 服务器监听的端口号 user="neo4j", # 数据库user name，如果没有更改过，应该是neo4j password="123456")3.读取文件函数，根据实体类型（药品、食物、检查、科室、药品大类、疾病、症状）和关系类型（科室和科室关系、疾病和食物禁忌关系、疾病和宜吃食物关系、疾病和建议食物关系、疾病和通用药品关系、疾病和建议药品关系、疾病和检查的关系、药品和生产厂家的关系、疾病和症状的关系、疾病和并发症的关系、疾病和科室的关系）建立相应的空列表，把他们装起来：
'''读取文件''' def read_nodes(self): # 共７类节点 drugs = [] # 药品 foods = [] # 食物 checks = [] # 检查 departments = [] #科室 producers = [] #药品大类 diseases = [] #疾病 symptoms = []#症状 disease_infos = []#疾病信息 # 构建节点实体关系 rels_department = [] # 科室－科室关系 rels_noteat = [] # 疾病－忌吃食物关系 rels_doeat = [] # 疾病－宜吃食物关系 rels_recommandeat = [] # 疾病－推荐吃食物关系 rels_commonddrug = [] # 疾病－通用药品关系 rels_recommanddrug = [] # 疾病－热门药品关系 rels_check = [] # 疾病－检查关系 rels_drug_producer = [] # 厂商－药物关系 rels_symptom = [] #疾病症状关系 rels_acompany = [] # 疾病并发关系 rels_category = [] # 疾病与科室之间的关系 count = 0 for data in open(self.data_path): disease_dict = {} count += 1 print(count) data_json = json.loads(data) disease = data_json['name'] disease_dict['name'] = disease diseases.append(disease) disease_dict['desc'] = '' disease_dict['prevent'] = '' disease_dict['cause'] = '' disease_dict['easy_get'] = '' disease_dict['cure_department'] = '' disease_dict['cure_way'] = '' disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = '' disease_dict['symptom'] = '' disease_dict['cured_prob'] = '' if 'symptom' in data_json: symptoms += data_json['symptom'] for symptom in data_json['symptom']: rels_symptom.append([disease, symptom]) if 'acompany' in data_json: for acompany in data_json['acompany']: rels_acompany.append([disease, acompany]) if 'desc' in data_json: disease_dict['desc'] = data_json['desc'] if 'prevent' in data_json: disease_dict['prevent'] = data_json['prevent'] if 'cause' in data_json: disease_dict['cause'] = data_json['cause'] if 'get_prob' in data_json: disease_dict['get_prob'] = data_json['get_prob'] if 'easy_get' in data_json: disease_dict['easy_get'] = data_json['easy_get'] if 'cure_department' in data_json: cure_department = data_json['cure_department'] if len(cure_department) == 1: rels_category.append([disease, cure_department[0]]) if len(cure_department) == 2: big = cure_department[0] small = cure_department[1] rels_department.append([small, big]) rels_category.append([disease, small]) disease_dict['cure_department'] = cure_department departments += cure_department if 'cure_way' in data_json: disease_dict['cure_way'] = data_json['cure_way'] if 'cure_lasttime' in data_json: disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = data_json['cure_lasttime'] if 'cured_prob' in data_json: disease_dict['cured_prob'] = data_json['cured_prob'] if 'common_drug' in data_json: common_drug = data_json['common_drug'] for drug in common_drug: rels_commonddrug.append([disease, drug]) drugs += common_drug if 'recommand_drug' in data_json: recommand_drug = data_json['recommand_drug'] drugs += recommand_drug for drug in recommand_drug: rels_recommanddrug.append([disease, drug]) if 'not_eat' in data_json: not_eat = data_json['not_eat'] for _not in not_eat: rels_noteat.append([disease, _not]) foods += not_eat do_eat = data_json['do_eat'] for _do in do_eat: rels_doeat.append([disease, _do]) foods += do_eat recommand_eat = data_json['recommand_eat'] for _recommand in recommand_eat: rels_recommandeat.append([disease, _recommand]) foods += recommand_eat if 'check' in data_json: check = data_json['check'] for _check in check: rels_check.append([disease, _check]) checks += check if 'drug_detail' in data_json: drug_detail = data_json['drug_detail'] producer = [i.split('(')[0] for i in drug_detail] rels_drug_producer += [[i.split('(')[0], i.split('(')[-1].replace(')', '')] for i in drug_detail] producers += producer disease_infos.append(disease_dict) return set(drugs), set(foods), set(checks), set(departments), set(producers), set(symptoms), set(diseases), disease_infos,\ rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,\ rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category4.建立节点函数：
'''建立节点''' def create_node(self, label, nodes): count = 0 for node_name in nodes: node = Node(label, name=node_name) self.g.create(node) count += 1 print(count, len(nodes)) return5.创建知识图谱中心疾病的节点：
'''创建知识图谱中心疾病的节点''' def create_diseases_nodes(self, disease_infos): count = 0 for disease_dict in disease_infos: node = Node("Disease", name=disease_dict['name'], desc=disease_dict['desc'], prevent=disease_dict['prevent'] ,cause=disease_dict['cause'], easy_get=disease_dict['easy_get'],cure_lasttime=disease_dict['cure_lasttime'], cure_department=disease_dict['cure_department'] ,cure_way=disease_dict['cure_way'] , cured_prob=disease_dict['cured_prob']) self.g.create(node) count += 1 print(count) return6.创建知识图谱实体节点类型schema：
'''创建知识图谱实体节点类型schema''' def create_graphnodes(self): Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos,rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes() self.create_diseases_nodes(disease_infos) self.create_node('Drug', Drugs) print(len(Drugs)) self.create_node('Food', Foods) print(len(Foods)) self.create_node('Check', Checks) print(len(Checks)) self.create_node('Department', Departments) print(len(Departments)) self.create_node('Producer', Producers) print(len(Producers)) self.create_node('Symptom', Symptoms) return7.创建实体关系边：
'''创建实体关系边''' def create_graphrels(self): Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos, rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes() self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_recommandeat, 'recommand_eat', '推荐食谱') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_noteat, 'no_eat', '忌吃') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_doeat, 'do_eat', '宜吃') self.create_relationship('Department', 'Department', rels_department, 'belongs_to', '属于') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Drug', rels_commonddrug, 'common_drug', '常用药品') self.create_relationship('Producer', 'Drug', rels_drug_producer, 'drugs_of', '生产药品') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Drug', rels_recommanddrug, 'recommand_drug', '好评药品') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Check', rels_check, 'need_check', '诊断检查') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Symptom', rels_symptom, 'has_symptom', '症状') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Disease', rels_acompany, 'acompany_with', '并发症') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Department', rels_category, 'belongs_to', '所属科室')8.创建实体关联边
'''创建实体关联边''' def create_relationship(self, start_node, end_node, edges, rel_type, rel_name): count = 0 # 去重处理 set_edges = [] for edge in edges: set_edges.append('###'.join(edge)) all = len(set(set_edges)) for edge in set(set_edges): edge = edge.split('###') p = edge[0] q = edge[1] query = "match(p:%s),(q:%s) where p.name='%s'and q.name='%s' create (p)-[rel:%s{name:'%s'}]->(q)" % ( start_node, end_node, p, q, rel_type, rel_name) try: self.g.run(query) count += 1 print(rel_type, count, all) except Exception as e: print(e) return9.导出实体文件，应用于问答系统的建设：
'''导出数据''' def export_data(self): Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos, rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug, rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes() f_drug = open('drug.txt', 'w+') f_food = open('food.txt', 'w+') f_check = open('check.txt', 'w+') f_department = open('department.txt', 'w+') f_producer = open('producer.txt', 'w+') f_symptom = open('symptoms.txt', 'w+') f_disease = open('disease.txt', 'w+') f_drug.write('\n'.join(list(Drugs))) f_food.write('\n'.join(list(Foods))) f_check.write('\n'.join(list(Checks))) f_department.write('\n'.join(list(Departments))) f_producer.write('\n'.join(list(Producers))) f_symptom.write('\n'.join(list(Symptoms))) f_disease.write('\n'.join(list(Diseases))) f_drug.close() f_food.close() f_check.close() f_department.close() f_producer.close() f_symptom.close() f_disease.close() return全部代码：
import os import json from py2neo import Graph,Node class MedicalGraph: def __init__(self): cur_dir = '/'.join(os.path.abspath(__file__).split('/')[:-1]) self.data_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'data/medical.json') self.g = Graph( host="127.0.0.1", # neo4j 搭载服务器的ip地址，ifconfig可获取到 http_port=7474, # neo4j 服务器监听的端口号 user="neo4j", # 数据库user name，如果没有更改过，应该是neo4j password="123456") '''读取文件''' def read_nodes(self): # 共７类节点 drugs = [] # 药品 foods = [] # 食物 checks = [] # 检查 departments = [] #科室 producers = [] #药品大类 diseases = [] #疾病 symptoms = []#症状 disease_infos = []#疾病信息 # 构建节点实体关系 rels_department = [] # 科室－科室关系 rels_noteat = [] # 疾病－忌吃食物关系 rels_doeat = [] # 疾病－宜吃食物关系 rels_recommandeat = [] # 疾病－推荐吃食物关系 rels_commonddrug = [] # 疾病－通用药品关系 rels_recommanddrug = [] # 疾病－热门药品关系 rels_check = [] # 疾病－检查关系 rels_drug_producer = [] # 厂商－药物关系 rels_symptom = [] #疾病症状关系 rels_acompany = [] # 疾病并发关系 rels_category = [] # 疾病与科室之间的关系 count = 0 for data in open(self.data_path): disease_dict = {} count += 1 print(count) data_json = json.loads(data) disease = data_json['name'] disease_dict['name'] = disease diseases.append(disease) disease_dict['desc'] = '' disease_dict['prevent'] = '' disease_dict['cause'] = '' disease_dict['easy_get'] = '' disease_dict['cure_department'] = '' disease_dict['cure_way'] = '' disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = '' disease_dict['symptom'] = '' disease_dict['cured_prob'] = '' if 'symptom' in data_json: symptoms += data_json['symptom'] for symptom in data_json['symptom']: rels_symptom.append([disease, symptom]) if 'acompany' in data_json: for acompany in data_json['acompany']: rels_acompany.append([disease, acompany]) if 'desc' in data_json: disease_dict['desc'] = data_json['desc'] if 'prevent' in data_json: disease_dict['prevent'] = data_json['prevent'] if 'cause' in data_json: disease_dict['cause'] = data_json['cause'] if 'get_prob' in data_json: disease_dict['get_prob'] = data_json['get_prob'] if 'easy_get' in data_json: disease_dict['easy_get'] = data_json['easy_get'] if 'cure_department' in data_json: cure_department = data_json['cure_department'] if len(cure_department) == 1: rels_category.append([disease, cure_department[0]]) if len(cure_department) == 2: big = cure_department[0] small = cure_department[1] rels_department.append([small, big]) rels_category.append([disease, small]) disease_dict['cure_department'] = cure_department departments += cure_department if 'cure_way' in data_json: disease_dict['cure_way'] = data_json['cure_way'] if 'cure_lasttime' in data_json: disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = data_json['cure_lasttime'] if 'cured_prob' in data_json: disease_dict['cured_prob'] = data_json['cured_prob'] if 'common_drug' in data_json: common_drug = data_json['common_drug'] for drug in common_drug: rels_commonddrug.append([disease, drug]) drugs += common_drug if 'recommand_drug' in data_json: recommand_drug = data_json['recommand_drug'] drugs += recommand_drug for drug in recommand_drug: rels_recommanddrug.append([disease, drug]) if 'not_eat' in data_json: not_eat = data_json['not_eat'] for _not in not_eat: rels_noteat.append([disease, _not]) foods += not_eat do_eat = data_json['do_eat'] for _do in do_eat: rels_doeat.append([disease, _do]) foods += do_eat recommand_eat = data_json['recommand_eat'] for _recommand in recommand_eat: rels_recommandeat.append([disease, _recommand]) foods += recommand_eat if 'check' in data_json: check = data_json['check'] for _check in check: rels_check.append([disease, _check]) checks += check if 'drug_detail' in data_json: drug_detail = data_json['drug_detail'] producer = [i.split('(')[0] for i in drug_detail] rels_drug_producer += [[i.split('(')[0], i.split('(')[-1].replace(')', '')] for i in drug_detail] producers += producer disease_infos.append(disease_dict) return set(drugs), set(foods), set(checks), set(departments), set(producers), set(symptoms), set(diseases), disease_infos,\ rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,\ rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category '''建立节点''' def create_node(self, label, nodes): count = 0 for node_name in nodes: node = Node(label, name=node_name) self.g.create(node) count += 1 print(count, len(nodes)) return '''创建知识图谱中心疾病的节点''' def create_diseases_nodes(self, disease_infos): count = 0 for disease_dict in disease_infos: node = Node("Disease", name=disease_dict['name'], desc=disease_dict['desc'], prevent=disease_dict['prevent'] ,cause=disease_dict['cause'], easy_get=disease_dict['easy_get'],cure_lasttime=disease_dict['cure_lasttime'], cure_department=disease_dict['cure_department'] ,cure_way=disease_dict['cure_way'] , cured_prob=disease_dict['cured_prob']) self.g.create(node) count += 1 print(count) return '''创建知识图谱实体节点类型schema''' def create_graphnodes(self): Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos,rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes() self.create_diseases_nodes(disease_infos) self.create_node('Drug', Drugs) print(len(Drugs)) self.create_node('Food', Foods) print(len(Foods)) self.create_node('Check', Checks) print(len(Checks)) self.create_node('Department', Departments) print(len(Departments)) self.create_node('Producer', Producers) print(len(Producers)) self.create_node('Symptom', Symptoms) return '''创建实体关系边''' def create_graphrels(self): Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos, rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes() self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_recommandeat, 'recommand_eat', '推荐食谱') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_noteat, 'no_eat', '忌吃') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_doeat, 'do_eat', '宜吃') self.create_relationship('Department', 'Department', rels_department, 'belongs_to', '属于') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Drug', rels_commonddrug, 'common_drug', '常用药品') self.create_relationship('Producer', 'Drug', rels_drug_producer, 'drugs_of', '生产药品') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Drug', rels_recommanddrug, 'recommand_drug', '好评药品') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Check', rels_check, 'need_check', '诊断检查') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Symptom', rels_symptom, 'has_symptom', '症状') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Disease', rels_acompany, 'acompany_with', '并发症') self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Department', rels_category, 'belongs_to', '所属科室') '''创建实体关联边''' def create_relationship(self, start_node, end_node, edges, rel_type, rel_name): count = 0 # 去重处理 set_edges = [] for edge in edges: set_edges.append('###'.join(edge)) all = len(set(set_edges)) for edge in set(set_edges): edge = edge.split('###') p = edge[0] q = edge[1] query = "match(p:%s),(q:%s) where p.name='%s'and q.name='%s' create (p)-[rel:%s{name:'%s'}]->(q)" % ( start_node, end_node, p, q, rel_type, rel_name) try: self.g.run(query) count += 1 print(rel_type, count, all) except Exception as e: print(e) return '''导出数据''' def export_data(self): Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos, rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug, rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes() f_drug = open('drug.txt', 'w+') f_food = open('food.txt', 'w+') f_check = open('check.txt', 'w+') f_department = open('department.txt', 'w+') f_producer = open('producer.txt', 'w+') f_symptom = open('symptoms.txt', 'w+') f_disease = open('disease.txt', 'w+') f_drug.write('\n'.join(list(Drugs))) f_food.write('\n'.join(list(Foods))) f_check.write('\n'.join(list(Checks))) f_department.write('\n'.join(list(Departments))) f_producer.write('\n'.join(list(Producers))) f_symptom.write('\n'.join(list(Symptoms))) f_disease.write('\n'.join(list(Diseases))) f_drug.close() f_food.close() f_check.close() f_department.close() f_producer.close() f_symptom.close() f_disease.close() return if __name__ == '__main__': handler = MedicalGraph() # handler.export_data() handler.create_graphnodes() handler.create_graphrels()代码参考刘焕勇老师的项目，连接如下，Author: lhy<lhy_in_blcu@126.com,https://huangyong.github.io>
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标签： #Python
